2.1 Public chain

Since its inception in 2009, the blockchain has made great progress in just over a decade and has touched the industry like finance, supply chain, the Internet of Things, intellectual property protection, real estate, luxury goods, and the tracking & tracing of food and drugs.

From the perspective of blockchain development, there are already several public blockchain development and application platforms such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, BSC, EOS, TRON, etc., which provide a convenient way for the rapid development and deployment of blockchain applications. On the Ethereum platform, there are currently tens of thousands of decentralized applications (dApps). The number of deployed smart contracts exceeds tens of thousands, and the number of daily active users exceeds one million– a powerful distributed application ecosystem has been built on its platform.

Based on the "autonomous" feature of blockchain, various types of autonomous distributed management attributes are derived from blockchain, which has been widely used in new organizational structure management, identity management, and privacy management. The famous "TheDAO" once built a distributed autonomous organization on the network through blockchain technology. It raised $150 million worth of funds from more than 10,000 users in less than a month and became the largest crowdfunding project in history. Although "TheDAO" ultimately failed due to a security flaw, the distributed organizational model it pioneered is still a great reference.

Based on the "trusted" feature of blockchain, blockchain has made great contributions to the fields of luxury goods sales, food & drug traceability, and supply chain management. For example, the British company "Everledger" founded in 2015 is based on blockchain technology to provide an immutable ledger record for the identity and transaction information of each diamond. So far, it has uploaded the identities and transaction information of millions of diamonds on the blockchain. Another example is "BlockPharma", a company in Paris, France, which uses blockchain for drug traceability and anti-counterfeiting. When pharmaceutical companies release product information and QR codes, the BlockPharma module embedded in the pharmaceutical company's information system records relevant information and will upload the info onto the blockchain to provide an identity and traceability for each drug product.

In addition, many researchers are exploring the architecture of future network infrastructure based on blockchain. Through blockchain, people, equipment, and services in the future network can be authenticated and managed in a unified manner, with trusted communication between people and machines, machines and machines, and real-time multi-agent transactions based on smart contracts. … These will become the core and key to the fusion of the Internet, the Industrial Internet, and even the satellite communication network, equally the next-generation future network.